An infection and inflammatory condition affecting the support around teeth.

Gingivitis and periodontitis are related, but they are not identical.

Gingivitis is inflammation limited to the gums. The tissue may appear red or swollen and may bleed, but the supporting attachment and bone have not been lost. With professional care and effective daily plaque removal, gingivitis can often be reversed.

Periodontitis involves deeper infection and inflammation with loss of the tissues or bone supporting the teeth. It can progress without severe pain, which is why examination and measurements matter even when someone feels generally comfortable.

Signs that may occur

• Red, swollen, tender, or bleeding gums
• Gums pulling away from teeth or teeth appearing longer
• Persistent bad breath or an unpleasant taste
• Sensitivity, pain while chewing, or loose teeth
• A change in how the teeth meet when biting

Why professional evaluation matters

The appearance of the gums alone does not show the complete condition. A periodontal examination can assess bleeding, pocket depths, recession, tooth mobility, buildup, and bone levels when imaging is indicated.

Treatment aims to control infection and help the patient maintain the teeth. The recommendation may range from preventive care and improved home hygiene to deep cleaning, periodontal maintenance, or referral for specialist treatment.