Measurements and history reveal more than appearance alone.

Diagnosis combines several findings rather than relying on one number.

The dentist or hygienist uses a small periodontal probe to measure the spaces between the teeth and gums. Measurements are interpreted with bleeding, recession, plaque and tartar, tooth mobility, and other clinical findings.

Dental X-rays may be used when they are expected to show information about bone levels or another condition that cannot be evaluated visually. Medical history, tobacco use, diabetes, medications, past periodontal treatment, and current symptoms help place the measurements in context.

What the team may record

• Pocket depths around each tooth and whether the gums bleed
• Gum recession and clinical attachment levels
• Plaque, tartar, inflammation, and areas that are difficult to clean
• Tooth mobility, furcation involvement, and changes in the bite
• Bone levels and patterns visible on indicated X-rays

From findings to a plan

The diagnosis helps determine whether the condition is gingivitis or periodontitis, how severe it is, and how broadly it affects the mouth. It also creates a baseline for evaluating response to treatment.

Ask the team to show you where disease is present and explain what the measurements mean. If the condition is advanced, complex, or not responding as expected, referral to a periodontist may be recommended.